| Database: | SocAbs |
| Author(s): | Schwartzman, Simon ; Uricoechea, Fernando Address: IUPERJ, rua da Matriz 82 Botafogo Rio de Janeiro Brazil |
| Title: | Brazilian state and society: towards a global Interpretation |
| Conference: | International Sociological Association (ISA ) (1978 : ) |
| Language: | English |
| Abstract: | Presented is a historical synthesis of the development of the modern Brazilian state since its patrimonial origin. The peculiarity of its patrimonialism is examined against the historical background of Spanish-American patterns of state building. The process of bureaucratization & the institutionalization of a legal-rational pattern of authority during the nineteenth century is examined through the role of the Guarda Nacional, a corporation of freemen & honoratiores in care of administrative tasks. The dynamics of the modern state are interpreted by examining the trends toward increasing centralization & bureaucratic authoritarianism as well as the collective demands for social & political participation. The role of the positivist ideology, well adjusted to the centralized character of the new bureaucratic administration, is examined. Dynamics are also illustrated by examining two approaches to education in the second quarter of this century: the liberal & scientific strategy sponsored by the U system in Sao Paulo vs the technical & positivist one sponsored by the federal administration. Original, historical sources are interpreted. |
| Class Descrpt: | 0267 sociology: history and theory; macrosociology: analysis of whole societies |
| SUBJECT(S) | |
| Descriptor: | (Major): (444225) State/States (429925) Social control/Social controls (324330) Patrimony/Patrimonial (195575) Global (031400) Analysis/Analyses/Analyzing (065700) Brazil/Brazilian/Brazilians |
| Identifier: | Brazilian state, global analysis; historical development, patrimonial origin, bureaucratization, centralization, education approaches; |
| Document Type: | asp Association Paper |
| Accession No: | 78S10056 |
| Database: | SocAbs |
| Author(s): | Wiarda, Howard J. ; Schwartzman,
Simon ; Wrobel, Fanny Address: U Massachusetts, Amherst 01002 |
| Title: |
Toward a Nonethnocentric Nonethnocentric theory of development: alternative concepts from the Third World Por uma teoria nao-etnocentrica do desenvolvimento as concepções alternativas do terceiro mundo |
| Source: | Dados 1982, 25,
2, 229-251. Additional Info: Brazil |
| Standard No: | CODEN: DADODR |
| Language: | Portuguese |
| Abstract: | A speech delivered at the annual meeting of the American Political Science Assoc, New York, 3-6 Sept 1981. The Iranian Revolution, with its ideological basis of Islamic fundamentalism, has brought to light the inadequacy of & dissatisfaction with Western developmental models in Third World countries that are not Western, or are only partially Western, in their orientation. Many Third World intellectuals are now proposing alternate solutions & models based on their indigenous cultures, eg, the Indian political scientist Vrajenda Raj Mehta (Beyond Marxism: Towards an Alternative Perspective, New Delhi: Manohar Publications, 1978), who argues that neither Marxism nor liberal democracy is suited to the economic development of India. These new theories tend to be culture-specific, representing challenges to many long-standing ideas in social science, including the presumption of a universal social science of development. Disregard of these new ideas brings the risk of continuous misunderstanding of Third World problems & the retention of parochial, ethnocentric social science at the expense of accurate & comprehensive models. In As dificuldades do antietnocentrismo (The Difficulties of Anti-Ethnocentrism), Simon Schwartzman states that Wiarda has in essence said nothing new; rather, he is echoing what many social scientists were discovering twenty years ago. Wiarda makes no mention of new theories proposed by Latin American social scientists. Moreover, he fails to realize that since all nations are affected by the global economy, universally applicable models must be sought; any vision of the world based on an extreme relativism emphasizing cultural peculiarities is clearly not applicable to the complex world economy. In Resposta a "As dificuldades do antietnocentrismo" de Simon Schwartzman (Reply to "The Difficulties of Anti-Ethnocentrism" of Simon Schwartzman), Wiarda agrees that there is certainly an ongoing process of global modernizati! on, but points out that the Third World has many innovative & exciting ideas about development. Schwartzman's remarks about a lack of references to Latin American authors are unjustified; though not mentioned specifically in the speech, extensive quotation from Latin American social scientists have appeared in Wiarda's longer works. M. Meeks |
| Class Descrpt: | 0925 political sociology/interactions; sociology of political systems, politics, & power |
| SUBJECT(S) | |
| Descriptor: | (Major): (464472) Third
World (131197) Developing countries (274540) Modernization (119600) Culture/Cultures/Cultural/Culturally |
| Identifier: | Third World developmental alternatives; global modernization vs cultural models; social scientists' views; |
| Note(s): | Comment, 253-254, Reply, 255-256. Translated by Fanny Wrobel. |
| Document Type: | aja Abstract of Journal Article |
| Accession No: | 84O1353 |
| Database: | SocAbs |
| Author(s): | Nunes, Marcia B. M. L. ; Schwartzman, Simon ; Wrobel, Vera |
| Title: |
Social stratification and education: approaches and alternatives for the people of the countryside Estratificação social e educação: caminhos e alternativas para o homem do campo |
| Source: | Dados 1977, 16,
33-68. Additional Info: Brazil |
| Standard No: | CODEN: DADODR |
| Language: | Portuguese |
| Abstract: | While theories of human capital perceive formal education as a means of improving work productivity, the people in Brazil's rural areas see it as a means for social & geographic mobility. Interviews carried out in 2 different rural areas of Brazil show that formal education tends to be perceived as a way of gaining access to the urban labor market & achieving intergenerational upward mobility. The change in agriculture, from a subsistence to a market economy, the introduction of modern crops, & the migration from the Northeast to the more dynamic rural areas in the South have thrown the peasant from a relatively protected traditional working context into an open system of 'wild capitalism.' Education enables the peasant to orient himself in this new context. Beyond that, however, access to a new, protected labor market is needed. An organized program for preparing the peasant for modern realities in the rural areas is recommended. It should be integrated with the existing traditional educational system, although the role of informal education must also be considered. Modified HA |
| Class Descrpt: | 1019 social differentiation; social stratification/mobility |
| SUBJECT(S) | |
| Descriptor: | (Major): (065700)
Brazil/Brazilian/Brazilians (146000) Education/Educational/Educator/Educators/Educationally (398400) Rural (see also Ru/Ur) (327000) Perception/Perceptions/Perceptual/Perceptivity/Perceive/Perceived (432920) Social stratification |
| Identifier: | Brazil, countryside education perceptions, social stratification; |
| Document Type: | aja Abstract of Journal Article |
| Accession No: | 80K7662 |
| Database: | SocAbs |
| Author(s): | Reis, Elisa Maria Pereira ; Schwartzman, Simon Address: U Pesquisas, Rio de Janeiro Brazil |
| Title: | Spatial dislocation and social identity in Brazil |
| Source: | International Social
Science Journal 1978, 30, 1, 98-115. Additional Info: United Kingdom |
| Standard No: | ISSN: 0020-8701 CODEN: ISSJAR |
| Language: | English |
| Abstract: | Data & concepts relative to the national integration & identity-building processes in Brazil are discussed. The present situation & in Brazil is one of dualism between the modern & affluent sector & the large poor majority, rather than one moving in the direction of a homogenous & integrated society. Social & geographical mobility patterns are examined with reference to migration statistics. The introduction of market mechanisms to the countryside is studied as well as the social consequences of mobility at its point of origin & point of destination. General remarks on the kind of society which is evolving & emerging social identity patterns are presented. The chances of bringing the whole country up to the production, technology, & consumption levels of its rich centers are viewed as remote in the foreseeable future. Redistributive policies are discussed & problems encountered in the US War on Poverty relative to allocating resources to groups having no chances of joining the labor force are noted. 6 Tables. A. Rubins |
| Class Descrpt: | 0925 political sociology/interactions; sociology of political systems, politics, & power |
| SUBJECT(S) | |
| Descriptor: | (Major): (D095400)
Brazil (D788400) Social Identity (D801000) Social Stratification (D791400) Social Mobility (D323400) Geographic Mobility (D728400) Rural Urban Differences (D727200) Rural Poverty (D492300) Markets |
| Identifier: | social, geographical mobility patterns, migration statistics; social consequences, market mechanism, production, technology, consumption levels, redistributive policies, US War on Poverty; |
| Document Type: | aja Abstract of Journal Article |
| Accession No: | 79K0186 |
| Database: | SocAbs |
| Author(s): | Schwartzman, Simon ; Quinteros de
Rusquellas, M.H. Address: Departamento de Pesquisas da Escola Brasileira de Administracao Publica da Fundacao Getulio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil |
| Title: | Political
Representation and Political Co-optation in Brazil Representacion y Cooptacion Politica en el Brasil |
| Source: | Desarrollo Economico
1971, 11, 41, Apr-Jun, 15-53. Additional Info: Argentina |
| Standard No: | CODEN: DSECBI |
| Language: | Spanish |
| Abstract: | A theoretical framework to analyze the structure & the transformations of the Brazilian pol'al system is advanced from the study of the relationships between State & society in Brazil from the end of the Colonial period to the Revolution of 1930. The existence of a patrimonialist State which is not destroyed by the country's separation from Portugal, emphasized the need to consider the policial processes arising from the State as oftentimes autonomous & capable of influencing the development & transformations of the productive & of the social stratification systems. This view challenges the more usual interpretative model which considers the pol'al system as a consequence of a given level & distributuion of the means of production & of the related forms of soc stratification. From this is derived the distinction between systems of pol'al representation, which approximate this model, & systems of pol'al co-optation, which are more similar to the former model. Analysis of Brazilian pol'al history seem, first, to substantiate the view that these 2 systems of pol'al participation tend to coexist; second, that while the system of pol'al representation develops itself in the Sao Paulo area, the system of pol'al co-optation is based on the Central & Northeastern states of less dynamic econ life. Finally, historical evidence seems to support the view that the system of pol'al cooptation tends to be the dominant system, therefore explaining the pol'al marginalization of the state of Sao Paulo within the Federation, one of the outstanding charactericts of the Brazilian pol'al system. HA |
| Class Descrpt: | 0925 political sociology/interactions; sociology of political systems, politics, & power |
| SUBJECT(S) | |
| Descriptor: | (Major): (340000)
Politics (065700) Brazil/Brazilian/Brazilians |
| Identifier: | Policial co-optation in Brazil from the end of the colonial period to the 1930's; |
| Note(s): | Tr by Quinteros de Rusquellas, M.H. |
| Document Type: | aja Abstract of Journal Article |
| Accession No: | 74G9043 |
| Database: | SocAbs |
| Author(s): | GALTUNG, JOHAN ; ARAUJO ,
MANUEL MORA Y ; SCHWARTZMAN,
SIMON Address: U OF COLUMBIA, BOGOTA, U OF NUENOS AIRES, ARGENTINA & U OF MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL |
| Title: |
The Latin American system of nations: a structural analysis El sistema latinoamericano de naciones: un analisis estructural |
| Source: | America Latina
1966, 9, 1, JAN-MAR, 59-114 (SP). Additional Info: Brazil |
| Standard No: | CODEN: ALTNA9 |
| Language: | Spanish |
| Class Descrpt: | 1535 sociology of religion; sociology of religion |
| SUBJECT(S) | |
| Descriptor: | (Major): (249345) Latin
America/Latin American/Latin Americans (see also South
America) (290395) National/Nationalism/Nationalist/Nationalists/Nationalistic |
| Identifier: | LATIN AMERICA : SYSTEM OF NATIONS,; NATIONAL : LATIN AMERICAN SYSTEM OF,; |
| Document Type: | aja Abstract of Journal Article |
| Accession No: | 67C7657 |
| Database: | SocAbs |
| Title: | The new production of knowledge: the dynamics of science and research in contemporary societies |
| Author(s): | Gibbons, Michael Science Policy Research Unit U Sussex, Falmer Brighton BN1 9RH England; Limoges, Camille ; Nowotny, Helga ; Schwartzman, Simon ; Scott, Peter ; Trow, Martin |
| Publication: | London: Sage Publications, Ltd. |
| Year: | 1994 |
| Description: | ix+179pp |
| Language: | English |
| Standard No: | ISBN: 0-8039-7793-X |
| Abstract: | This volume offers an exploration of major changes in the way knowledge is produced in science, technology, social science, & humanities, arguing that a new mode of knowledge production promises to replace or radically reform established institutions, disciplines, practices, & policies. A range of features - reflexivity, transdisciplinarity, heterogeneity - associated with the new mode of knowledge production are identified to illustrate the connections between them & the changing role of knowledge in social relations. Methodological difficulties inherent in attempts to describe a new mode of knowledge production are discussed, & implications of this mode for science policy & international economic competitiveness, collaboration, & globalization are treated. The book is particularly relevant for those concerned with educational systems, the changing nature of knowledge, the social study of science, & the connections between research & development, & social, economic, & technological development. The book is presented in 7 Chpts with a Preface & an Introduction. (1) Evolution of Knowledge Production. (2) The Marketability and Commercialisation of Knowledge. (3) Massification of Research and Education. (4) The Case of the Humanities. (5) Competitiveness, Collaboration and Globalisation. (6) Reconfiguring Institutions. (7) Towards Managing Socially Distributed Knowledge. References accompany each Chpt. 2 Tables. W. Howard |
| SUBJECT(S) | |
| Descriptor: | (Major): (D434100)
Knowledge (D662900) Production (D746400) Scientific Knowledge (D799200) Social Sciences (D376200) Humanities (D745200) Science and Technology |
| Identifier: | knowledge production, science/technology/social science/humanities, new processes; |
| Class Code: | 2252 sociology of knowledge; history of ideas |
| Document Type: | bka Book Abstract |
| Accession No: | 95c02101 |