A Space for Science - The Development of the Scientific Community in Brazil
Simon Schwartzman
The Pennsylvania State University Press, 1991
APPENDIX
LIST OF INTERVIEWS
The following interviews are from FINEP's project on the social history of science
in Brazil. The texts of most are available at the Centro de Pesquisa e Documentação
em História Contemporânea do Brasil, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro.
Interviews not connected with the El NEP project are listed at the end of this
appendix under "Other Interviews."
Ab'Saber, Aziz Nacib. Geographer. Graduate of the Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências
e Letras, of the Universidade de São Paulo. Professor of physical geography
at the same university.
Amaral, Afrânio (1894-1982). Specialist in public health and tropical medicine.
Director of the Instituto Butantã from 1928 to 1935.
Beck, Guido (1903-1989). Physicist. Born in Austria, worked in Vienna, Leipzig,
and in England at the Cavendish Laboratory at Cambridge University, among other
countries. Worked at the National Astronomic Observatory in Cordoba, Argentina,
between 1943 and 1951, and since then at the Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas
Físicas in Rio de Janeiro
Bier, Otto G. (1906). Microbiologist. Worked at the Instituto Biológico, the
Instituto Butantã, and the Escola Paulista de Medicina.
Braga, Ernani (1913-1984). Specialist in sanitary medicine for the Instituto
Oswaldo Cruz. Medical doctor for the Universidade do Brasil (1935). General
director of the Departamento Nacional de Saúde (National Health Department)
in 1954. Director of the Division of Human Resources, World Health Organization
(1967-1973). Active in many teaching and training activities in the field of
public health.
Brieger, Friedrich Gustav (1900). Geneticist. Born in Germany, holds a doctorate
from the University of Breslau. Came to Brazil in 1936 to teach genetics at
the Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz in Piracicaba.
Castro, Almir (1910). Specialist in public health. Director of the Campanha
de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) between 1954 and 1964.
Vice-rector of the Universidade de Brasilia with Anísio Teixeira.
Chagas Filho Carlos (1910). Biophysicist. Researcher at the Instituto Oswaldo
Cruz since 1935. Founder of the institute of biophysics of the Universidade
Federal do Rio de Janeiro.
Coimbra, Alberto Luis (1923). Chemical engineer. Founder and first director
of the Coordenação de Programas de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia (COPPE), Rio
de Janeiro.
Cordeiro, Antônio (1923). Geneticist. Studied with Dobzhansky at Columbia University.
Worked at the Universidade de Brasilia, Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul, and
later the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro.
Costa Neto, CIáudio. Chemical engineer. Worked at the Universidade Federal do
Rio de Janeiro An assistant to Fritz Feigl at the Laboratório da Produção Mineral
in Rio de Janeiro
Damy de Souza Santos, Marcelo (1914). Physicist. Was director of the Instituto
de Energia Atômica in São Paulo and president of the Comissão Nacional de Energia
Nuclear.
Danon, Jacques (1924-1989). Physicist. Studied with Irene Joliot-Curie at the
Radium Institute in Paris. Researcher at the Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas
Físicas in Rio de Janeiro
Dias, Mário Ulysses Viana (1914). Physiologist. Worked at the Instituto Oswaldo
Cruz with Miguel Osório de Almeida. Professor at the Universidade Federal Fluminense
in Rio de Janeiro
Djerassi, Carl (1923). Specialist in chemistry of natural products from Stanford
University. In the 1950s developed a series of joint projects at the Instituto
de Química Agrícola in Rio de Janeiro Between 1969 and 1976 presided over the
program of scientific cooperation between the American Academy of Sciences and
the Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas.
Duarte, Paulo (1899-1984). Lawyer and writer. Participated in the creation of
the Universidade de São Paulo.
Ferreira, Jorge Leal (1928). Physicist. Graduated from the Universidade de São
Paulo. Member of the Instituto de Fisica Teórica.
Ferreira, Paulo Leal (1925). Physicist. Graduated from the Universidade de São
Paulo. Founder of the Instituto de Fisica Teórica.
Ferreira, Ricardo de Carvalho (1928). Professor of chemistry at the Universidade
Federal de Pernambuco.
Fonseca, Olímpio Ribeiro da (1895-1978). Parasitologist at the Instituto Oswaldo
Cruz, and its director between 1949 and 1953. Worked with the sanitary campaigns
of the Rockefeller Foundation in Brazil in the 1910s.
Gama, Lélio (1892-1981). Astronomer and mathematician. Worked in the Observatório
do Rio de Janeiro since 1917 and was its director in 1951. Directed the Instituto
de Matemática Pura e Aplicada in Rio de Janeiro.
Giesbrecht, Ernesto (1921). Born in Paraná. Studied at the Universidade de São
Paulo and was an assistant to Heinrich Rheinholdt. Was vice-director and director
of the chemistry department of the Universidade de São Paulo from 1970 to 1978.
Goldemberg, José (1928). Nuclear physicist. Graduated from the Universidade
de São Paulo. Worked with Marcelo Damy. Professor at USP. University rector
between 1986 and 1989. State secretary for education in São Paulo in 1990, Brazil's
secretary for science and technology since March 1990.
Gomes, Francisco Magalhães (1906). Engineer. Born in Ouro Preto and graduated
from the Escola de Minas. Became first director of the Instituto de Pesquisas
Radioativas in Belo Horizonte in 1954.
Gottlieb, Otto (1920). Researcher in the chemistry of natural products. Worked
at the Instituto de Química Agrícola in Rio de Janeiro between 1955 and 1963
and in several universities in Brazil.
Gross, Bernhard (1905). Born in Stuttgart, arrived in Brazil in 1933. Worked
at the Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia in Rio de Janeiro and later at the Universidade
de São Carlos.
Jacob, Gerhard (1930). Physicist. Born in Hannover, Germany. Studied physics
and mathematics at the Universidade do Rio Grande do Sul. In 1956 worked at
the Instituto de Energia Atômica of the Universidade de São Paulo. Rector of
the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul since 1988, president of the Conselho
Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico since March 1990.
Kerr, Warwick Estevam (1922). Agronomist and geneticist. Graduated from the
Escola Superior de Agronomia Luiz de Queiroz. Director of the Instituto de Pesquisas
da Amazônia from 1975 to 1977.
Lattes, Cesare (1924). Physicist. Student and assistant of Gleb Wataghin's in
São Paulo. Worked with Cecil Powell and Giuseppe Occhialini at the University
of Bristol in England in 1946. Worked at the Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in
Berkeley. Founded the Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas in Rio de Janeiro
in 1949.
Leinz, Viktor (1904). Geologist. Born in Germany. Came to Brazil in 1935 to
work at the Departamento Nacional da Produção Mineral in Rio de Janeiro
Leite, Rogério Cerqueira (1931). Physicist. Graduated from the Instituto Tecnológico
da Aeronáutica. Researcher at the Bell Laboratories. Director of the physics
department of the Universidade de Campinas between 1970 and 1975.
Lent, Herman (1911). Medical doctor, helminthologist. Worked at the Oswaldo
Cruz Institute from 1932 until going into political exile between 1970 and 1976.
Returned to Brazil in 1976.
Leonardos, Othon Henry (1899-1977). Geologist. Graduated from the Escola Politécnica
in Rio de Janeiro Founder and director of the Escola Nacional de Geologia in
Rio de Janeiro from 1958 to 1963.
Lopes, Hugo de Souza (1909-1991). Entomologist. Studied with Lauro Travassos.
Worked at the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz between 1938 and 1970, when he was forced
to leave the military government. Later a professor at the Escola Superior de
Agricultura e Medicina Veterinária in Rio de Janeiro.
Lopes, José Leite (1918). Physicist. Studied with Luis Freire and later at the
Universidade de São Paulo. Did his doctoral work with Pauli at Princeton. Founder
of the Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Físicas in Rio de Janeiro. Headed the
Department of Nuclear Physics in Strasbourg while in political exile until 1979.
Martins, Amílcar Viana (1907-1990). Parasitologist. Directed the Instituto Nacional
de Endemias Rurais between 1956 and 1958. Organized the institute of biological
sciences of the Universidade de Minas Gerais.
Mascarenhas, Sérgio. Physicist. Studied with Joaquim Costa Ribeiro in Rio de
Janeiro Works at the Instituto de Física e Química de São Carlos, Universidade
de São Paulo.
Mathias, Simão (1908). Chemist. Was an assistant to Heinrich Rheinholdt. Made
his career at the Universidade de São Paulo.
Meyer, João Alberto (1925). Born in Poland, arrived in Brazil after World War
II. Worked most of his career in Europe, coming to the Universidade de São Paulo
and Campinas periodically.
Millet; Harry, Jr. (1895). Parasitologist. horn in the United States. Worked
for the Rockefeller Foundation in Europe between 1932 and 1941. From 1941 to
1956 coordinated the foundation's medical and natural science program for Latin
America.
Mingóia, Quintino (1902). Pharmacologist. Born in Italy, came to Brazil in 1934
to work in a private laboratory. After 1945, taught at the Faculdade de Farmácia
e Odontologia of the Universidade de São Paulo.
Miranda, Maury (1930). Molecular biologist, Instituto de Biofisica in Rio de
Janeiro.
Monteiro, Hugo Jorge (1938). Pharmacologist. Studied with Carl Djerassi at Stanford
University. Worked at the Centro de Pesquisa de Produtos Naturais, Universidade
Federal do Rio de Janeiro.
Moreira, Manuel Frota. Physiologist. Worked at the Instituto de Biofisica in
Rio de Janeiro Scientific director of the Conselho Nacional de Pesquisas until
1975.
Mors, Walter Baptista (1920). Chemist. Studied at the Universidade de São Paulo.
Worked at the Instituto Agronômico do Norte in 1943 and at the Instituto de
Química Agrícola from 1948 to 1964. Professor at the Universidade Federal do
Rio de Janeiro.
Paraense, Wladimir Lobato (1914). Biologist. Organized the Serviço Especial
de Grandes Endemias of the Instituto Oswaldo Cruz in 1939. Biologist at the
institute between 1945 and 1972.
Pavan, Crodowaldo (1919). Geneticist. Was an assistant to René Dreyfus and worked
with Dobzhansky in São Paulo and at Columbia University. Was president of the
Sociedade Brasileira para P Progresso da Ciência, Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa
de São Paulo, and of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
from 1986 to 1990.
Penha, Adolfo Martins (1904-1980). Animal biologist. Worked at the Instituto
Biológico de São Paulo.
Pimenta, Aluísio (1923). Pharmacologist. Rector of the Universidade Federal
de Minas Gerais from 1964 to 1967.
Pinto, Mário da Silva (1907). Engineer and geologist. Worked at the Departamento
Nacional da Produção Mineral in Rio de Janeiro between 1933 and 1951.
Pompéia, Paulus A. (1911). Physicist. Universidade de São Paulo. Organized the
physics department of the Instituto Tecnológico da Aeronáutica.
Porto, Sérgio (1926-1977). Physicist. Taught at the Instituto Tecnológico da
Aeronáutica. Worked at the Bell Laboratories. Coordinated the research institutes
of the Universidade de Campinas.
Reis, José (1907). Bacteriologist. Worked in the Instituto Biológico de São
Paulo. Founder of the Sociedade Brasileira para 0 Progresso da Ciência and editor
of Ciência e Cultura.
Rezende, Sérgio Machado (1940). Physicist. Ph.D. from Massachusetts Institute
of Technology. Founder of the Universidade Federal de São Carlos.
Ribeiro, Darcy (1922). Anthropologist. Graduated from the Escola de Sociologia
e Política in São Paulo. Founder and first rector of the Universidade de Brasilia.
Sala, Oscar (1922). Physicist. Was an assistant to Gleb Wataghin. Director of
the electrostatic accelerator of the Universidade de São Paulo. Presided over
the Sociedade Brasileira para 0 Progresso da Ciência
Salmeron, Roberto. Physicist. Graduated in engineering from the Escola Politécnica
in São Paulo. Coordinator of the scientific institutes of the Universidade de
Brasilia between 1961 and 1965.
Salzano, Francisco Mauro (1928). Geneticist. Studied with Antônio Cordeiro in
Rio Grande do Sul. Later worked with Dobzhansky and Pavan.
Sawaya, Paulo (1904). Zoologist. Studied with Alfonso Bovero. Made his career
at the Universidade de São Paulo.
Schenberg, Mário (1914-1990). Physicist. Studied with Gleb Wataghin and worked
with Fermi, Pauli, and Gamov. Director of the physics department of the Universidade
de São Paulo between 1953 and 1961.
Senise, Pascoal Américo (1917). Graduated in chemistry from the Universidade
de São Paulo in 1942. Director of the Instituto de Química of that university
until 1970.
Silva, Maurício Rocha e (1910-1983). Pharmacologist. Worked in the Instituto
Biológico from 1943 to 1957. Founder of the Sociedade Brasileira para O Progresso
da Ciência
Tiomno, Jayme (1920). Physicist. Studied with Gleb Wataghin and Mario Schenberg
at the Universidade de São Paulo and later at Princeton. Worked at the Universidade
de Brasilia and the Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro
Vale, José Ribeiro do. Pharmacologist. Graduated from the Faculdade de Medicina
in São Paulo. Worked at the Escola Paulista de Medicina until retirement, and
organized and directed its department of biochemistry and pharmacology.
Vanzolini, Paulo Emílio (1923). Biologist. Ph.D. from Harvard University. Director
of the Museu de Zoologia of the Universidade de São Paulo.
Vargas, José Israel (1928). Physicist. Studied at the Universidade de São Paulo.
Did his doctoral studies in Cambridge. Worked between 1965 and 1972 at the University
of Grenoble and afterward at the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.
Vaz, Zeferino (1908-1981). Parasitologist. Studied with Lauro Travassos. Founded
and directed the Escola de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto and the Universidade de
Campinas.
Wladislaw, Blanka. Born in Poland. Graduated in chemistry from the Universidade
de São Paulo. In 1971 became head of the department of fundamental chemistry
at the institute of chemistry of the Universidade de São Paulo.
Other Interviews Beviláqua, Luis, and Giulo Massarani, Sérgio Neves Monteiro,
Carlos Augusto Perlingeiro, and Luis Pinguelli Rosa. Engineers. Interviewed by
Márcia B. de Melo Nunes and Nadja X. Souza for the study on the engineering program
of the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (COPPE), 1978 (Nunes, Souza &
Schwartzman 1982).
Montenegro, Casimiro. Brigadier General. Interviewed for the Centro de Pesquisa
e Documentação em História Contemporânea do Brasil da Fundação Getúlio Vargas
(CPDOC) by Simon Schwartzman and CIáudia Guimarães, with the participation of
José Pelúcio Ferreira, José Israel Vargas, and Técio Pacciti, 1988.
Peixoto, Mauricio Mattos, and Elon Lages de Lima. Mathematicians. Interviewed
by João Batista de Oliveira's project on scientific careers (J. B. A. Oliveira
1984).
Wataghin, Gleb. Physicist. Interviewed by Cylon T. Gonçalves Physics Institute,
Universidade de Campinas, 1976.